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Carriageworks

Until the 26th of September 2020 you can conduct your own reading at the biennale installation at Carriageworks. Onsite there is an installation of unbound booklets from the production of NIRIN NGAAY – you can take a selection and do your own reading. Go visit!

Reading NIRIN: Andrew Rewald

In this video, Andrew Rewald reads 'On the Movement of Plants' from NIRIN NGAAY. Watch here

Reading NIRIN: Karla Dickens

Karla Dickens reads her contribution, 'Ready, Willing and Able'. Watch here

Reading NIRIN: Gladys Milroy

In this video, Gladys Milroy reads her story, 'The Black Feather'. Watch here

Reading NIRIN: Jessyca Hutchens

In this video, Jessyca Hutchens introduces us to the book. Watch here

Printed matter & NIRIN publications

Stuart Geddes and Trent Walter speak with Brook Andrew about their own artistic processes in printed matter and how they came to collaborate and produce two publications for NIRIN. The two publications, the exhibition catalogue NIRIN (edge) and the 'reader' NIRIN NGAAY (see the edge) were created in collaboration with (editors) Jessyca Hutchens (Assistant Curator to the Artistic Director) and Brook Andrew. Watch here

An artist’s book by Stuart Geddes and Trent Walter.
Edited by Jessyca Hutchens, Brook Andrew, Stuart Geddes and Trent Walter.
Commissioned for the 22nd Biennale of Sydney.

The Biennale of Sydney team and authors of this publication acknowledge the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation; the Boorooberongal people of the Dharug Nation; the Bidiagal, Dharawal and Gamaygal people, on whose ancestral lands and waters NIRIN gathers.

NIRIN is a safe place for people to honour mutual respect and the diversity of expression and thoughts that empower us all.


NIRIN NGAAY is a compilation, a collection, a volume, an Artist Book, a Reader, an artwork, a sprawling, excessive heterogenous space of connections. Published as part of the 22nd Biennale of Sydney (2020), titled NIRIN, A Wiradjuri word meaning ‘edge’, this book is a space where ideas, themes, research, and experiments arising out of NIRIN find places on pages. Traversing many disciplines and forms, encompassing new and previously published works, complete works as well as excerpts and fragments and responses, each piece may ask for new modes of reading and seeing. Instead of disorienting, we see many lines darting and weaving across these works, beautiful moments of syncing and overlap, affective and abstract resonances, moments of density, as well as pauses to breathe deeply. Read and see and touch at random or with resolve – we hope that you will appreciate the way these works unfold and twist together, creating movements of meaning between them. ‘NGAAY’ is a Wiradjuri word meaning ‘see.’ To really see ‘edges’, might also be to sense and feel and trace them, they come into view with clarity, hover in the periphery, or drift away like memories.

Buy the book

Copies of NIRIN NGAAY can be purchased at the
Biennale of Sydney Shop

Book credits

First published in 2020 by the Biennale of Sydney Ltd.

Published with generous support from Aesop and the Copyright Agency’s Cultural Fund.

This publication is copyright and all rights are reserved. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced or
communicated to the public by any process without prior written permission of the copyright holder.

© Biennale of Sydney Ltd
All texts and artworks © the author or artist.

Published for the exhibition the 22nd Biennale of Sydney: NIRIN, 14 March – 8
June 2020.

ISBN: 978-0-9578023-9-1


Biennale of Sydney
Chief Executive Officer: Barbara Moore
Artistic Director: Brook Andrew
Editors: Jessyca Hutchens, Brook Andrew, Stuart Geddes and Trent Walter
Publications team: Sebastian Henry-Jones, Liz Malcolm and Jodie Polutele

Designed, typeset and printed by Stuart Geddes and Trent Walter on a Heidelberg GTO 52. Some sections printed by Printgraphics and Newsprinters.

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Biennale of Sydney.

Biennale of Sydney Ltd
Level 4
10 Hickson Road
The Rocks NSW 2000
Australia

Film credits

Director & Producer
Amy Browne

Camera
Amy Browne
Jason Heller

Editor
Jaime Snyder

Sound by
Jaime Snyder
Ben Coe

Nirin Ngaay

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Guarding the Space Between Us

If I were a blackbird I’d whistle and sing,
And follow the ship that my true love sails in;
High up on the main mast I’d there build my nest;
And lay there all night on his lily-white breast.1


  1. These lyrics are the ones sung by my family of an English folk-song, which was first published by James Reeves as If I Was a Blackbird and described as English Traditional Verse from the Mss of S. Baring-Gould, H.E.D. Hammond & George B. Gardiner, in James Reeves, The Everlasting Circle, Heinemann, London, 1960. Many of the different versions of the song are listed here: https://mainlynorfolk.info/folk/songs/ifiwasablackbird.html 

Transgenerational trauma isn’t simply passed between people across linear generations but is the deep pool from which bodies, radiating outwards and inwards, draw their grief and strength. Something like triggering – a flood of physiological responses to an instance of remembering – might be thought of as a wave form that rises high and explosively from the depths, but which returns to the same surface level, leaving the deeper contents of the pool intact. Popular culture has long been saturated with narratives of uncovering and remembering traumatic events that preference final moments of climactic discovery, psychological and physical architectures of the hidden waiting to be discovered – boxes within rooms, within rooms, within houses. Architectures of the flashback, which lead backwards and forwards to a cathartic moment of discovery and recovery. But our memories and our reactions to them can also be ever expansively present and exposed, vibrating raw surfaces that are produced and reproduced, performed and reperformed, without unsettling. I first described this as a kind of ‘everything’ that produces feelings of ‘nothing’. My friend Sam Lieblich responded that it is a ‘too much nothing’.1

In a story, The Little Green Frog, by my grandma Gladys Milroy, a barramundi gives away his memories to a green frog in the form of stones from a waterhole, which he swims deep within to collect for his friend. Most are happy memories. The frog returns the gift with small blue flowers. Then, one day, the frog arrives to find the barramundi, ‘floating on top of the water with a black stone in his mouth and surrounded by half dead and rotting flowers.’2 When everything else is turned out the black stone becomes a poisoned weight that cannot be shared or held safely. To assume a traumatic memory is a separable dislodgeable thing creates a circular and ultimately destructive motion (diving, surfacing, drowning), whereas the smoothed black stone can also be thought of as a contiguous surface with the pool and all of the joy it holds as well. It cannot be given away. My mother, Helen Milroy, has written: ‘Healing is not just about recovering what has been lost or repairing what has been broken. It is about embracing our life force to create a new and vibrant fabric that keeps us grounded and connected, wraps us in warmth and love and gives us the joy of seeing what we have created.’3

In Paul Auster’s The Locked Room (1986) the ‘impossible crime’ suggested by the title is the ambiguous theft of an identity that is both gifted and never really discovered. The title references a genre of detective fiction where a crime is committed that should be physically impossible, the paradigmatic example being an intruder escaping a crime scene: a locked room. In Auster’s story the elusive protagonist Fanshawe, a genius writer, is slowly revealed in others’ memories as a fount of constant self-exposure and distance, intensity and withdrawal – a reluctant charismatic type whose life becomes intimately bound up with the story’s narrator, his childhood friend. This friend eventually comes to take credit for all of Fanshawe’s creative work and thinks of himself as a kind of spin-off sycophantic version of him – he inhabits Fanshawe’s life and works for him after Fanshawe leaves his wife and child and disappears. But as Fanshawe supposedly recedes from one world – only to expose more of himself more intensively in other worlds, with less familiar grounding ties to others – his moment of ‘reconnection’ to his old friend, and the climax of the story, is performed through Fanshawe speaking through a closed and locked door. Grifters, illusionists, intruders (here: mother, wife, sister, friend) have previously made it in and out of the locked room and left with debts of obligation as well as unintentional gifts (Fanshawe thinks of his intense personality as a kind of infecting force, and yet he remains plagued by being ultimately unknowable). Dave Eggers writes about the endless giving and sharing of seemingly deeply intimate stories as, ‘like the skin shed by snakes, who leave theirs for anyone to see’.4 But maybe the snake doesn’t have endless skins – thin, crumpled, packages to give – sloughing off total selves to stay fugitive. Tidal waves, heavy stones, life skins, too much nothing as disappearing acts. ‘Healing keeps us strong and gentle at the same time.’5 Be careful who picks up those skins. They may not turn to dust in their hands.

My Grandmother sings: ‘If I were a blackbird I’d whistle and sing’ and I imagine that the blackbird is a loving spirit that watches over. For us, the blackbird-crow is an ancestor spirit. But how too is the blackbird, not only a watcher or a tether to others, but also our own shadow and singer of ourselves? Who are our tethers, our shadows, our visitations, our projections and how are they us? Escaping intensities, remaining tethered, dissolving, dissembling, exposing – these are matrixed processes performed between us. We never neatly sit on one side of the exchange. Negotiating our multiplicities across the borders of others: who flies above the ship that navigates the surface of the depths; who sleeps on its deck; who slips below? Sighted from above, a head on a chest in the night. How to be close to others and remain safe. How to remain safe and be close to others. To follow without being pulled under, always with the ability to fly away when the waves rise up, connection that is a dance of oscillating autonomies and entanglements. Flee the ones we love, return to them, keep watch.


  1. Dr. Samuel Lieblich, a psychiatrist and Lacanian, provided notes on this piece, and also suggested the title: ‘Guarding the Space Between Us.’ 

  2. Gladys Milroy, ‘A Reflective Story by Gladys Milroy – The Little Green Frog’, in Pat Dudgeon, Helen Milroy and Roz Walker (eds), Working Together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health and Wellbeing Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition, 2014, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, xix–xxi, available at: https://www.telethonkids.org.au/globalassets/media/documents/aboriginal-health/working-together-second-edition/working-together-aboriginal-and-wellbeing-2014.pdf 

  3. Helen Milroy quoted in Tamara Mackean, ‘A healed and healthy country: understanding healing for Indigenous Australians’, The Medical Journal of Australia (MJA), 2009; 190 (10), pp. 522–523. 

  4. Dave Eggers, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2000, p. 215. 

  5. Op. cit. Helen Milroy. 

The Black Feather

Gladys Milroy

Passing on Living Knowledge

Wombat was Dingo’s best friend. Moon was his second-best friend, who he talked to every night. Wombat knew everything. Everyone went to Wombat for advice. ‘Why do you know everything Wombat?’, Dingo asked. ‘I went to school under the Learning Tree’, Wombat said. ‘My grandfather and his friend Black Crow taught all the children. Every day we sat under the Learning Tree where my grandfather lived in his burrow. The Learning Tree was full of large blackberries and Black Crow would pick a berry and drop it onto the ground. Then grandfather would tell us the learning story of each berry that was taken from the Learning Tree. Eventually I thought I had learned everything and was as good as my grandfather, so I said goodbye. ‘You learn all your life grandson’, grandad said. ‘Maybe it is time for you to find knowledge on your own.’

Wombat set off very proud of his knowledge, telling all the animals he met how clever he was, and that he knew everything. One day he was sitting by a rock pool talking to a little frog who lived there. ‘Why do you think you know everything Wombat?’, Frog asked. ‘I went to school’, Wombat replied. ‘But you can’t jump like us!’ Frog laughed, jumping into the rock pool. ‘Silly Frog’, thought Wombat.

Wombat felt so tired, he had been away a long-time, and for all his knowledge, he had no friends. He heard someone call his name. It was Black Crow, looking very old. ‘Time to come home Wombat’, he said, ‘your grandfather needs you.’ Crow flew away and Wombat hurried back home. When he arrived, he was shocked to see the Learning Tree was old and bent-over. No lovely blackberries covered its branches, no children sat on the ground, it was sad and empty. He saw Old Crow. ‘Where is my grandfather?’, he said. ‘What’s happened?’ ‘When you left Wombat, one by one the children stopped coming, until no-one came. Your grandfather was heartbroken. No-one wanted to learn the old stories anymore. He went to his burrow under the Learning Tree and never came out.’ Wombat started to cry, ‘Thank you Crow for looking after my grandfather.’ He glanced up at Crow’s nest in the Learning Tree. In it was only a broken old nest with a single black feather lying there.